Jane,+Christine

=Jane =  **1. Summary **  After the execution of the animals, they review the //Seven Commandments // and find that “No animal shall kill any other animal” has changed to add “without cause”. The animals blame their faulty memories on this discrepancy between what is written on the wall and what they thought was to be true. There are more apparent changes throughout the society: Napoleon is now referred to as “Leader” Napoleon, he gets his own poem dedicated to himself. Napoleon then enters negotiations to sell the timber between Mr. Pilkington and Mr.Frederick. Napoleon leads the animals to favor neither of the two and uses propaganda “Death to Frederick!” to make him unfavorable among the two. Later, the animals are surprised when they realize that Napoleon has sold their timber to Mr.Frederick in the end. Contrary to Mr.Fredrick’s persistence of paying by a check, Napoleon insists for him to pay by 5-dollar bills. Soon after, Napoleon realizes that the bills are fake and Mr.Fredrick son and his men attack Animal farm and blows up the windmill. In this process, several animals are killed and Boxer is badly hurt. The pigs discover whisky and drinks “excessively” within the house. The next day, Squealer is found squealing in the barn for help with a bucket of paint. When the animals look up to see the //Seven Commandments // , they find that the commandment of “No animal shall drink alcohol” has changed to add “to excess”. Once again, they blame their faulty memories for the inconsistency.

**2. Allegorical Connections **  - The Windmill project = Stalin's five year plan - Pilkington - Frederick: Russia (Stalin) going back and forth between siding between the Germans and the Allies in WWII.  **3. Symbolism **  Animal Farm - U.S.S.R Manor Farm - Russia Foxwood - England Pinchfield - Germany Willingdon - Europe England - Entire world Farmhouse - The Kremlin, house of the czar (Jones)
 * Napoleon & Frederick : Stalin & Hitler's non-aggression pact
 * Frederick's attack : Battle of Stalingrad - Hitler's attack in Western Russia

Characters - Boxer: proletariat - Mollie: upperclass - The dogs (Jessie, Bluebell, Pincher) : military/secret police of Napoleon (Joseph Staliln) - Mr.Pilkington : England, U.S - Mr. Frederick: Hitler, Nazi Germany

**4. Satire ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> x Communism <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 70%; font-weight: normal;">- "Father of all animals, terror of mankind, protector of the sheep-fold, duckling, friend,etc."(p.79-80) - Irony: The poem on p.80-81 is contradictory to what Napoleon actually takes action for. In real life, he is NOT the "friend of the fatherless, fountain of happiness", etc. =<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Christine = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">5. Character change ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> Napoleon is now fully in charge of the animals and formally addressed as the leader. His life is now much more luxurious than others. He begins to violate the Seven Commandments.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Minimus’s poem of Napoleon contradicts the whole point of Animalism (communism) where all animals are supposed to be equal.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Napoleon = “Leader Napoleon"

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">6. Twisting of logic/history to serve political ends ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">7. Use of propaganda/doublespeak ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">8. Abuse of power ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">9. Questions ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight." (pg.99)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"Even in the farmhouse, it was said, Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others." (pg.99)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as 'Napoleon.'...and the pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals,..." (pg.99)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune." (pg.100)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"Meanwhile, through the agency of Whymper, Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington." (pg.101)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse." (pg.111)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"On Sunday mornings Squealer, holding down a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent....as the case might be." (pg.99) This is not logical since the animals are getting less food than before, even though they are working more than ever.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">It says, "You would often hear one hen remark to another, 'Under the guidance of our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days';" (pg.100) Napoleon has nothing to do with the hen laying its eggs, thus this is not logical. He isn't even seen often in public.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Statistics w/o context: Squealer says the food production had increased by 500% without actual proof (pg.99). This is used to make the animals believe that their work is actually resulting in something and their life now is better than it was under Mr.Jones's rule.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Poem: Minimus writes a poem titled "Comrade Napoleon" that talks about his great presence and the respect he gets (pg.100). This propaganda is used to steer more love, admiration, respect towards Napoleon among the animals. The poem creates a very positive image of him.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Slogan: "Death to Frederick" (pg.103) & "Death to Pilkington" (pg.104)- these slogans encourage the animals to hate a certain figure whom Napoleon doesn't have a good relationship with.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Napoleon executes any animal who's involved with Snowball in some way (pg.101).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">The Seven Commandments are constantly changed after Napoleon violates them.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"No animal shall drink alcohol to excess" (pg.113)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">"No animal shall kill any other animal without cause" (pg.98)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">How is Napoleon's relationship with Frederick and Pilkington?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Would you consider the Battle of the windmill as the animals' victory?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Why is it that Napoleon seems to be dying?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Why does Napoleon announce a death sentence upon Frederick?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal;">Why is it that the animals confess their guilts when they already know that they'll be executed?