Group+1+C

**Text**: "The Baroness, who weighed approximately three hundred and fifty pounds.." (Voltaire 3)
 * Literary Device**: hyperbole
 * Context**: Voltaire introduces the Baroness
 * Explanation of literary device**: It is a hyperbole as it is very unlikely for a person to be so overweight.
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** Voltaire is satirizing the idea that because affluent people have a lot of food to eat, are wealthy, and because they lay around and do nothing, they only have the choice but to be fat like the Baroness. I think he also said that to compare the situation of rich people from poor people like the negro, mentioned later in the book.
 * Contributor**: Jane S

**Text**: "Nothing could be smarter, more splendid, more brilliant, better drawn up than two armies. Trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, cannons, formed a harmony such as never been heard in hell. (Voltaire 7)"
 * Literary Device**: oxymoron
 * Context**: Voltaire describes the instruments used by the Bulgars
 * Explanation of literary device**: It is a juxtaposition because harmony is usually not present in hell.
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** He's not satirizing anything.
 * Contributor**: Jane S

**Text**: "'It is demonstrable,' he would say, 'that things cannot be other than as tey are: for since everything is made to serve an end, everything is necessarily for the best of ends. Observe how noses were formed to support spectacles, therefore we have spectacles....'"
 * Literary Device**: irony
 * Context**: Pangloss pontificates about how every effect has a good cause.
 * Explanation of literary device**: Although in the book it sets him as the most well educated man, he seems to lack the ability to choose strong supports. Spectacles and pants are not the best examples for his stance. So, I think this speech goes against his image of intelligent philosopher
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** He tries to satirize how unwise Pangloss is. Thus he satirizes his belief, which is another philosophical idea that he disagrees
 * Contributor**: Carol C.

**Text**: "'Candide trembled like a philosopher, and concealed himself as best he could for the duration of this heroic butchery."
 * Literary Device**: oxymoron
 * Context**: Candide is scared and tries to avoid the scene of slaughtering.
 * Explanation of literary device**: "heroic butchery" These words are contradicting since "heroic" implies some activity that is for the justice, but "butchery" is nothing but a savage killing
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** He does not attempt to satirize.
 * Contributor**: Carol C.


 * Literary Device**: Oxymoron
 * Text**: "Never was anything so gallant, so well accoutred, so dashing, so well drilled as those two armies. Trumpets, fifes, hautboys drums and cannon produced a harmony such as was never heard in hell." (p. 7)
 * Context**: The author is describing an army.
 * Explanation of literary device**:This resembles oxymoron because harmony isn't usually heard in hell because hell is a negative space ad word while harmony has a pleasing word to it.
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** He is satirizing how tremendous the sounds were that were yet unified together.
 * Contributor**: Jenny Youn


 * Literary Device**: Irony
 * Text**: "The baroness, who weighed approximately three hundred and fifty pounds, and consequently basked in very great esteem..." (p. 1)
 * Context**: The author introduces characters and exaggerates how the baroness is held in great self esteem
 * Explanation of literary device**:This is showing irony because it is sarcasm to have self esteem when a woman has big number as her weight. A woman usually has self esteem when shown the curves and slender body.
 * What is Voltaire satirizing by the use of this device?** He is satirizing the royalty of the king and queen by making absurd jokes on their behavior. Voltaire is showing how silly self esteem can make people and become haughty.
 * Contributor**: Jenny Youn