PeterP,+PeterK

1, **summary** - you will simply provide a verbal summary - Rebuilding of windmill - Food shortages and cover ups - Hen Rebellion - Snowball's hindering - "Lies" of Snowball - Confessions and murder - Muriel and banning of the B//easts of England// - Changing of the killing amendment - Trouble selling the logs - Comrade Napoleon song - Completion of the windmill - Selling of logs to Frederick - Destruction of the windmill - Their "victory" - Alcohol and Napoleon's near-death - Squealer and the changing of the alcohol amendment

2. **allegorical connections** (What is the 'below the surface meaning?) - __Whymper and the food buckets (page 86):__ Just like how Whypmer is always shown how "good" life is in Animal Farm, Stalin also tried to convince the world that his Communistic society was a complete success, even though in reality it was much harsher. - __Snowball and the Battle of Cowshed (page 90):__ Just like how Napoleon tries to convince that everything the public knew about Snowball were lies spread by him, Stalin also tried to eliminate all traces of Trotsky. - __Confessions of all animals (page 92):__ Just like how many of the animals confessed to ridiculous crimes, Stalin also held trials during the Great Purge in which people were tortured to lie in court, only to be killed. - __Figures of how well the animals were doing (page 99):__ Just like how Squealer repeatedly tells the animals how much better off they were doing now, Stalin and his administration did their best to convince the population of their well-being.

3. **symbolism** (**see below** for symbols to look for) - __Napoleon's dogs:__ These dogs symbolize the use of force in both modern and Russian society in order to maintain order. - __Napoleons' Cockerel:__ The cockerel symbolizes how even though it should be a communistic society, there are still class differences in which the elite have special privileges. - __Fake money:__ The fake money used to trade the logs represents how the rest of the world still does not take Animal Farm/Russia seriously.

4. **satire** (How is Orwell making fun of and making a point about the object of his satire? **See information below for help**.) character change, focusing on the pigs (How do the pigs change?) questions: develop a minimum of five (total) interpretive and evaluative questions based on the section (see below for question writing help)
 * __The poem__ //__Comrade Napoleon (100-101)__//: This poem serves to satirize the idolatry of Stalin in Soviet Russia. When Stalin was in power, he encouraged the citizens of Soviet Russia to venerate him, even to worship him, to the point where his glorification was analogous to a cult.
 * __Special treatment of Napoleon__ (99): This illustrates that the principle of equality that Animalism is based upon has been tainted by Napoleon. From pigs possessing special privileges to apples and milk to Napoleon's outrageous prerogatives, the author tries to make apparent and satirize the fact that the ideals of Animalism have been thoroughly violated.
 * __The destruction of the windmill (108)__: This basically satirizes the fact that the giant modernization and industrialization projects undertaken by Soviet Russia were ultimately failures.
 * __Celebration of victory__ (109): This satirizes the fact that Stalin's regime often glorified and exalted "victories" that were not victories at all.
 * 5. twisting of logic and history to serve political ends** (What examples do you see?)
 * __"The animals now also learned that Snowball had never - as many of them had believed hitherto - received the order of 'Animal Hero - First Class.'"__ (103) - Napoleon and the pigs used Snowball as a scapegoat for virtually all unfortunate and unfavorable occurrences on Animal Farm, so they often denigrated Snowball's reputation to make him more vulnerable to further slandering and scapegoating. The denial of Snowball's 'Animal Hero - First Class' military award' is a twisting of history and truth that effectively erases his participation in and support of the Rebellion, which makes him all the more easier to defame and blame.
 * __The mercurial and transient relations between Pilkington (Foxwood) and Frederick (Pinchfield)__ - Napoleon and the pigs freely - ostensibly without fear of any repercussions - switches alliances according to their interests. At the same time, they spread shady rumors about the farm they are not currently allied with among the animals of Animal Farm (i.e.: cruel treatment of animals, presence of Snowball). They are very quick to change the target of these rumors once they switch their relations.
 * "__It ran: No animal shall kill another animal__ //__without cause.__" (98) Napoleon and the pigs changed one of the Seven Commandments to justify their executions. //
 * __"Actually, the commandment read: 'No animal shall drink alcohol__ //__to excess__//__."__ (113) Napoleon and the pigs changed the Seven Commandments yet again, not for any political motives, but for personal indulgences.
 * 6. use of propaganda/doublespeak** (look for slogans, songs, etc.); EXPLAIN the significance; **use the handout**
 * __The poem__ //__Comrade Napoleon (100-101)__//: This poem glorifies Napoleon, almost worshipping him as a divine figure. It portrays part of how animals were brainwashed into believing that Napoleon was the most committed to the revolution, the most venerable comrade, etc.
 * __Celebration of victory__ (109): Squealer's satisfied and joyous cry of victory, the firing of the gun, the waving of the green flag - these helped the pigs to propagandize the animals that the battle that involved the destruction of the windmill and many casualties was a victory.
 * __Pilkington (Foxwood) and Frederick (Pinchfield)__: Napoleon and the pigs spread negative rumors about either Pilkington or Foxwood - depending on who they are allied with currently - and accordingly created within Animal Farm a good or bad atmosphere towards each farm and farmer depending on the current situation.
 * 7. abuse of power** (How do some abuse power at the expense of others?)
 * __Napoleon's privileges__: Napoleon is always escorted by his dogs (secret police) and a black rooster (trumpeter), eats from expensive, special plates, and has his birthday celebrated as a holiday. These and other entitlements of Napoleon's and the pigs' show that the pigs as a ruling class are abusing their power.
 * __Breaking and Amending the Seven Commandments:__ The pigs constantly break and change the Seven Commandments in their own personal interests, whether they be political (i.e.: right to execute animals as punishment) or purely based on desire (i.e.: drinking alcohol).

1. Why was Napoleon so desperate to not let the rest of the world know of the food shortages? 2. Do you think that the animals killed for their confessions actually did those crimes? 3.